zahra yusefi; Adel Vahedi; fatemeh askari bozaieh
Abstract
In this research, the status of energy consumption and the rate of emission of pollutants were evaluated using the life cycle assessment of rice produced in Guilan province, Iran. Potential influencing factors included global warming potential, acidification potential, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion ...
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In this research, the status of energy consumption and the rate of emission of pollutants were evaluated using the life cycle assessment of rice produced in Guilan province, Iran. Potential influencing factors included global warming potential, acidification potential, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of oil resources, depletion of phosphate resources, depletion of potassium resources and depletion of water resources were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the total energy required to produce one ton of rice paddy was 88064 MJ per ha. While the energy output of rice paddy was 58173 MJ per ha. Diesel fuel and agricultural machinery inputs with a total of 65.52% accounted for the largest amount of input energy. The energy efficiency and energy productivity in rice paddy production were calculated as 0.66 and 0.04, respectively. According to the results of the life cycle assessment, carbon dioxide emission (740.38 kg per ton of paddy) was higher than other pollutants produced by applying other inputs. It has been reported that one ton of rice paddy, globally, is responsible for producing 1116.61 kg of carbon dioxide as pollutant. The depletion of oil resources due to the use of diesel fuel was 7587 MJ and the depletion of water resources was 3354 m3. Depletion of phosphate and potassium resources were calculated as 2.15 kg P2O5 eq and 0.62 kg K2O eq, respectively. Also, the ecosystem index and the resource depletion index per 1 ton of rice paddy were 0.5789 and 1.7057, respectively.
Adel Vahedi
Abstract
Wheat as strategic product, has the highest area of cultivation and crop production in Iran. In this study energy use pattern for irrigated wheat production in Alborz province of Iran was studied and the score of technical and scale efficiency of producers were analyzed using a non-parametric data envelopment ...
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Wheat as strategic product, has the highest area of cultivation and crop production in Iran. In this study energy use pattern for irrigated wheat production in Alborz province of Iran was studied and the score of technical and scale efficiency of producers were analyzed using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique for discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones. The study also helped to identify the wasteful uses of energy by inefficient farmers and to suggest reasonable savings in energy uses from different inputs. Further, the effect of optimization of energy on energy ratio and energy productivity was investigated. Primary data were obtained through field survey and personal interviews using questionnaires from 20 randomly selected irrigated wheat farms from Alborz province, the one of important center of wheat production in Iran. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2017–2018. The inputs were human labor, diesel, machinery, fertilizers and chemicals, water for irrigation, seeds and electrical energies; while the yield value of wheat was considered as output. The results revealed that, the total input energy, output energy, energy use efficiency, energy productivity, net energy were 45458.84 MJ.ha-1, 162169.28 MJ.ha-1, 3.57, 0.27 kg.MJ -1 and 116710.44 MJ.ha-1, respectively. It was disclosed that the greatest shares of input energy with 43.06% (19576.2 MJ.ha-1) corresponded to the fertilizers. The production of wheat in the province of Alborz is reasonable because of the positive amount of net energy index. About 20% of farmers were found to be technically efficient. Based on input-oriented CRS and VRS models of DEA, the average values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were found to be 0.893, 0.990 and 0.901, respectively. The results also suggested that, on average, about 3.51% (1610.62 MJ.ha-1) of the total input energy could be saved without reducing the wheat yield from its present level provided that all farmers operated efficiently by adopting the recommendations based on the present study.
Adel Vahedi; M. Younasi-Alamouti; Ahmad Sharifi Malvajerdi
Abstract
Rice with the cultivation area of more than 565 thousand hectares and production amount of 2.45 million tons is the second most important crop after wheat in Iran. Most of cultivated area is also located in Mazandaran and Guilan province. It is clear that reaching to self-sufficiency in rice production ...
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Rice with the cultivation area of more than 565 thousand hectares and production amount of 2.45 million tons is the second most important crop after wheat in Iran. Most of cultivated area is also located in Mazandaran and Guilan province. It is clear that reaching to self-sufficiency in rice production is not possible without assessment of current status of rice mechanization. Therefore present study was conducted to determine current status of rice mechanization and propose needed solutions to improve it. Data were gathered by completing questionnaire and by reviewing the literature and field surveying. In view of information obtaeined; degree of mechanization, level of mechanization, capacity of mechanization, economic efficiency of mechanization, field efficiency of machine, potential ability of machine, working hours and days and productivity coefficient of machine were calculated. The results showed that degree of mechanization of primary tillage and secondary tillage was 99.7 and 99.3%, planting operation with transplanter was 22.69% and harvesting operation with mower and combine was 72.8 %. The lowest degree of mechanization of rice production was obtained for mechanical weeding with the value of 8%. The level of mechanization was calculated 2.63 hp/ha. Mean economic efficiency of mechanization and capacity of mechanization of rice was found to be 1.87 ton/ha and 235 hp.hr/ha, respectively.
Abstract
Determining energy indices of broiler units in the province of Alborz Poultry industry is one of the biggest and most developed industries in Iran. One of the important issues in broiler industry is the energy consumption. In this study, the energy consumption flow and the amount of energy production ...
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Determining energy indices of broiler units in the province of Alborz Poultry industry is one of the biggest and most developed industries in Iran. One of the important issues in broiler industry is the energy consumption. In this study, the energy consumption flow and the amount of energy production were investigated for broiler farms in Alborz province. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Input energies were the feed, fuel (gas and gas oil), electricity, labor, equipment and chicken, and the output energies were the broiler and manure. The total of input and output energies were obtained 125.2, 24.9 GJ/1000Birds, respectively. Energy indices, including energy ratio, energy efficiency and specific energy were obtained 0.2, 0.019 kg/MJ and 52.55 MJ/kg, respectively. The highest share of energy consumption belonged to fuel (gas and diesel) with 50.84% and feed with 42.43% , and the chicken and labor with 0.39 and 0.06 % were the lowest share among the input energies.
